Ground Mounted Solar Systems
Ground-mounted solar systems are photovoltaic (PV) installations where solar panels are placed on the ground rather than on a rooftop. These systems are widely used for residential, commercial, and utility-scale solar energy generation. Here's an overview of ground-mounted solar systems:
Types of Ground-Mounted Solar Systems
- Fixed-Tilt Systems
- Solar panels are mounted at a fixed angle.
- Optimized for maximum solar energy capture based on the site's latitude.
- Simpler design with lower maintenance costs.
- Tracking Systems
- Single-axis trackers: Panels rotate along one axis to follow the sun's movement from east to west.
- Dual-axis trackers: Panels adjust on two axes to follow the sun’s position in real time, maximizing energy output.
- Higher energy efficiency but with increased complexity and maintenance.
Key Components
- Solar Panels: Convert sunlight into electricity.
- Racking System: Supports and secures the panels on the ground.
- Inverters: Convert DC electricity from the panels to AC for use.
- Foundation: Includes driven piles, screws, or ballast systems, depending on soil type and terrain.
- Wiring and Electrical Systems: Facilitate power transmission to the grid or storage system.
Advantages
- Higher Efficiency: Panels can be optimally oriented and spaced to avoid shading.
- Scalability: Ideal for large-scale solar farms due to minimal space constraints.
- Easier Maintenance: Panels are more accessible than rooftop systems.
- Flexibility: Can be installed on various terrains, including agricultural or underutilized land.
Disadvantages
- Land Use: Requires significant ground space, which may compete with other land uses.
- Higher Installation Costs: Foundation and structural requirements can add to the expense.
- Environmental Impact: May disturb ecosystems or vegetation during installation.
Applications
- Utility-Scale Solar Farms: Large installations designed to supply power to the grid.
- Community Solar Projects: Shared solar arrays serving multiple users.
- Agrivoltaics: Combining agriculture and solar energy generation on the same land.
Site Selection Considerations
- Solar irradiation levels.
- Land availability and topography.
- Soil type and structural stability.
- Proximity to electrical infrastructure.
- Environmental regulations and permits.